LONDON (AP) — Each of the young rioters who clogged Britain's
courthouses painted a bleak picture of a lost generation: a 15-year-old
Ukrainian whose mother died, a 17-year-old who followed his cousin into
the mayhem, an 11-year-old arrested for stealing a garbage can.Britain
is bitterly divided on the reasons behind the riots. Some blame the
unrest on opportunistic criminality, while others say conflicting
economic policies and punishing government spending cuts have deepened
inequalities in the country's most deprived areas.
Many of the
youths themselves struggle to find any plausible answer, but a
widespread sense of alienation emerges from their tales.
"Nobody
is doing nothing for us — not the politicians, not the cops, no one," a
19-year-old who lives near Tottenham, the blighted London neighborhood
where the riots started. He only gave his nickname, "Freddy," because he
took part in the looting and was scared of facing prosecution; he was
not among the youths in court.
Britain has one of the highest
violent crime rates in the EU. Roughly 18 percent of youths between 16
and 24 are jobless and nearly half of all black youths are out of work.
As
the government battles colossal government debt with harsh welfare cuts
that promise to make the futures of these youths even bleaker, some
experts say it's narrow-minded to believe the riots have only been a
random outburst of violence unrelated to the current economic crisis.
"There's
a fundamental disconnect with a particular section of young Britain and
sections of the political establishment," said Matthew Goodwin, a
politics professor at University of Nottingham.
"The argument that
this doesn't have anything to do with expenditure cuts or economics
doesn't stand up to the evidence. If that's true, then what we have here
are hundreds of young, crazed kids simply acting irrationally. I don't
think that's the case."
Nearly
1,200 people have been arrested since the riots erupted Saturday, mostly
poor youths from a broad section of Britain's many races and
ethnicities.
Courts have been
running nearly 24 hours a day to hear all the cases since the rioting
began. Most cases are heard in a blink of an eye and only give a
snapshot of some of the youngsters' lives. Many of the defendants
haven't had a chance to talk at length with their attorneys, and most
can't be named because they are minors.
An
11-year-old boy from Romford, Essex, was among one of the youngest to
appear in court on Wednesday. Wearing a blue Adidas tracksuit, the
youngster spoke only to confirm his name, age and date of birth.
The boy pleaded guilty to burglary, after stealing a waste bin worth 50 pounds. A charge of violent disorder was dropped.
Attorneys
for some of the defendants said their clients were good kids who have
caring families but got caught up in the violence.
Daniel
Cavaglieri, one of the lawyers for a 17-year-old who appeared at
Highbury Magistrates Court, said the youth was studying mechanics and
trying to finish school. He was accused of following his older cousin to
loot a clothing shop, and charged with intent to steal.
"His
mother is furious he was out and about at that time. She genuinely
thought he was at a friend's house," Cavaglieri told the court. "He's
going to be grounded."
Another
defendant, a 15-year-old immigrant from Ukraine, pleaded not guilty to
using or threatening unlawful violence. He already has a criminal record
for theft, and police said he threw stones and other missiles in the
thick of Tuesday's rioting in London's Hackney area.
Prosecutors
said the boy is an only child who lives with his widowed father. He came
to Britain from Germany three years ago after leaving Ukraine when his
mother died.
It's unclear what role racial tensions have played in the riots, if any.
In
Tottenham, most residents are white but blacks from Africa or the
Caribbean account for around a quarter of the ethnic mix. It's also home
to Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Asian immigrants. The rage has
appeared to cut across ethnic lines, with poverty as the main common
denominator.
But there's a
history of racial tension in many of these neighborhoods, and the riots
themselves were triggered by the fatal police shooting of a black man in
Tottenham.
In 1985, the
neighborhood was home to the Broadwater Farm riot, an event seared in
the memories of many of the rioters' parents. Back then, violence
exploded area when a black woman died from a stroke during a police
search. The area remains a hotbed of ethnic tension: In the past year,
police have logged some 100 racist or religion based hate crimes.
Other social problems afflict the places where rioting erupted: high teen pregnancy rates, gun crime and drug trafficking.
Under
the Labour-led government of Prime Minister Tony Blair, authorities
tried to penalize badly behaved youth with Anti-Social Behavior Orders,
or ASBOs. The orders have since become badges of honor for many of
Britain's youth.
In 2008, there
were more than 1 million reported cases of violent crimes in England and
Wales alone. By comparison, there were 331,778 reported incidents in
France and some 210,885 incidents in Germany. Violent crime carried out
by children and teenagers is also among the highest in Europe.
"There's
income inequality, extremely high levels of unemployment between 16 and
24-year-olds and huge parts of this population not in education or
training," Goodwin said. "There's a general malaise amongst a particular
generation."
Britain's
Conservative-led government is implementing painful austerity measures
in an attempt to get the country's finances in order. Prime Minister
David Cameron has pledged 80 billion pounds ($129 billion) of spending
cuts and 30 billion pounds in extra taxes to trim Britain's huge
deficit, swollen after the government spent billions bailing out
foundering banks.
The plans to
cut services from welfare to education sparked violent protests last
year, as students took to the streets to demonstrate against the
tripling of university fees. The government is also cutting civil
service jobs and benefits, raising the state pension age from 65 to 66,
hiking the amount public sector employees contribute to pensions and
reducing their retirement payouts.
The
austerity measures will also slash housing benefit payments used to
subsidize rents for the low-paid, threatening to price tens of thousands
of poor families out of their homes and force them toward the fringes
of the country's capital.
Economists at the Centre for Economic
Policy Research say such cuts promise more unrest. Most of Britain's
deepest cuts haven't even come yet.
"There's
usually something that sparks these things off," said Hans-Joachim
Voth, a research fellow at the center. "The question is why is it that
in 90 percent of these cases that nothing happens? Why is it that some
places just end up like a tinder box?"
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Gabriele Steinhauser in Brussels and Cassandra Vinograd in London contributed to this report.